Quantum for NOOBS

BY: BRANKA VERHOEVEN

Quantum computing might sound intimidating, but let’s break it down simply!

What is Quantum Computing?

Unlike regular computers that use bits, which are either 0 or 1, quantum computers use qubits. Thanks to a principle called superposition, qubits can exist in multiple states at once, giving quantum computers the potential to be much more powerful. Instead of just 0s or 1s, qubits can represent both at the same time! This means quantum computers can explore many possibilities simultaneously, making them capable of handling much more complex information than a regular computer. When you measure a qubit, it “collapses” into either 0 or 1, but until then, it holds multiple states. This ability to be in a “superposition” allows quantum computers to process complex calculations by exploring many potential solutions all at once.

Why Should You Be Excited About Quantum Computing?

Quantum computing promises breakthroughs in fields like drug discovery, materials science, and artificial intelligence. It’s designed to solve problems that are too complex for classical computers, potentially transforming how we approach these fields.

How Do Qubits Know What to Do? In regular computers, logical operations are carried out using circuits and transistors. Quantum computers, however, use “quantum gates”, which are like tiny circuits that work specifically with qubits. These gates manipulate the states of qubits to help find solutions. For example, a gate might place a qubit in superposition, allowing it to speed up calculations by exploring multiple possibilities at once.

Want to Hear Something “Cool” About Quantum Computers?

Quantum computers operate at temperatures close to absolute zero to keep qubits stable. Why so cold? Qubits are incredibly sensitive to noise from their environment. Heat, light, or even tiny vibrations can interfere with qubits, causing them to lose their quantum properties like superposition. To prevent errors and allow quantum computers to find correct answers, they need to be kept extremely isolated. Keeping them super cold reduces thermal energy and helps them stay in their quantum states. In short, keeping it cool is essential for keeping quantum computing stable and functional.